Automatic loom for making real knotted carpets



March 25, 1930.

M. BANYAI AUTOMATIC LOOM FOR MAKING REAL KNOTTED CARPEI'S Filed Feb. 7, 1925 s Sheets-Sheet 1 I nvemnr Maurus Bdnyai M. BANYAI March 25, 1930.

AUTOMATIC LOOM FOR MAKING REAL KNOTTED CARPETS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 7, 1925 I. fire/12 m" (WU/715 Ea'nya/ March 25, 1930. -M. BANYAl 1,752,140

I AUTOMATIC LOOM FOR MAKING REAL KNOTTED CARPETS Filed Feb. 7, 1925 :s Sheets-Sheet a In vemar C. -By 0v Maurus Banyai Patented Mar. 25, 1930 UNITED STATES Persist caries MAURUS BAINYAI, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA, ASSIGNOR TO VEREENIGDE KNOOPTAIYT- INDUSTRIE SYSTEEM BANYAI, OF BOTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AUTOMATIC LOOM FOR MAKING REAL KI IOTTED CARPETS Application filed February 7, 1925, Serial No. 7,593, and in Germany February 8, 1924.

This invention relates to automatic looms for producing genuine knotted or tufted carpets of the kind having thread lifting means.

Methods of producing genuine Persian or Smyrna knots are known in which the main or ground warp threads are raised by means of vertically guided thread lifters, the pile warp threads to be knotted in being seized b horizontally guided grippers and drawn tli rough between the raised ground warp threads.

The warp thread lifters, grippers, colour selecting members, pullingout clamps and shears provided in machines'of the kind referred to as hitherto constructed only move in straight'lines. This necessitates the raising of the ground warp threads from the normal level of the web above the batten cover, whereby the ground'warp threads are subjected to excessive tension and may easily become ruptured if suitable means are not provided for reducing the tension. The work is thereby rendered uncertain and if once a wrong warp thread is relieved of ten-] sion for any reason, the-lifted warp thread will become broken.

The main feature of the present invention consists in this that the lifters, grippers, colour selecting members, pulling out clamps and shears have imparted. to themnot straight line movements but oscillating movements. By this means the relieving of the tension on the groundwarp threads which causes so much trouble, isrendered unnecessary and a considerable amount of space is rendered available for the movement of the essential operating parts.

f Inord'er to obtain reliable guiding of the ground warp threads the head of each lifter is provided with three points and two incisions. Hitherto the width of the loom and therefore of the material produced thereon has had to be limited and in order to over-v come this drawback, according to the invention, the gripper supporting rail and the controlling shaft are mounted on "a large number of bearer arms whereby it is possible to employ a loom and 'produce'a material of any desired width.

The apparatusconsists of a loom for producing the ground fabric and the knotting in carriage for carrying the knotting members, said carriage supporting all the knotting members with the exception of the lifter, said knotting members being repeated at equal intervals so that a number of knots can be tied simultaneously. After each knotting operation, the carriage is displacedby an amount equal to two warp threads after the row has been completely knotted. Hereupon, by means of a separate change-over gear the knotting operations are discontinued and at the same time the weaving loom isstarted in order to insert the necessary number of ground weft threads. The alternate tying and vweaving take place automatically and if desired the changeover gear can be rendered inoperative in order to enable weaving to take place continuously.

The invention is illustrated by way of ex-. ample in the accompanying drawings in which, Figure I shows a constructional form of the improved mechanism in end elevation, Figure 2 isa perspective view showing certain parts of the mechanism, Figure 3' shows-two elevations at right'angles to .one' another of a detail, and Figures 4 and 5. show the gearing for enabling changing over from knfitting to shedding to be effected automatica y. '1 q Referring to the drawings, the; ground warp threads 1 pass throughthe ground 'heald shafts 2, and pass in groups between the dents ,ofthe reed 3"which is composed of strips arranged side byside. These dents are at such a distance apartfrom one another that two warp threads can be drawn through between every pair of dents. Between each pair of dents is mounted an auxiliary or dividing dent-4i, which consists of a rotatable arm and can be lowered into or below the plane ofthe level'warp threads or rest above this plane as required. The warp threads pass from the dents 8, 4; to the table 5, from which the finished fabric is drawn off.

During the knotting operations, the'groundv warp threads to Which the pile threads are to'be'tied have to be lifted out of the planeof the shed. For this purpose lifters 6 are employed which are mounted on the shaft 7. This shaft is rotatably mounted upon the batten 8 and is displaced axially at the end of each knotting operation by a distance equal by means of the lifter 6.

to that of two warp threads. During Weaving, the lifters rest in the curved out portion of the batten which is not provided with any actual shuttle race since otherwise the raising, lowering and displacement of the lifters would be rendered impossible. The shuttle raceis constituted solely by the lower warp threads of the shed.

In a method previously proposed, grooves or passages are provided in the head parts of the lifters for the purpose of dividing the warp threads. In the case of lifters having a rotary movement, it is of great importance to have a forked-shaped lifter, the head or upper part of which is provided with three points or prongs, 34, 35, 36 and which receives and raises two warp threads. The lifters are in addition provided with beaks 33 which taper to a point in front and merge at the top into the middle point 36, in orderto bring the threads into a suitable position to enable satisfactory division being effected (Figure 3). In order still further to ensure the lifting of the right warp threads, it is necessary that these threads be divided directly at the point where the lifter engages them. For this purpose the auxiliary or dividing dents 4 provided onthe rotatable shaft 7 are provided, which during the weaving of the ground weft threads are turned out of the path of the shuttle in order that the shuttle will have an unobstructed path. During the tying of the knot each auxiliary dent 4 is turned into the position shown in Figure 1 and passes between the two threads which are passed between the dents, thereby'guiding the warp threads which have been raised The table 5 is also pivoted. The beating up side is lowered during the movement of the grippers 16in order that the points of the grippers can finished knots. v I

Upon the rotatable shaft 9 are mounted supporting arms 10 for'the purpose of preventing any bending of the controlling shaft pass unhindered over the 1 3 and rails. The rail 11, on which at equal distances apart pairs of grippers 16, 16 are mounted onpins 12so as to be capable of turning laterally, is passed through the sup porting arms. The controlling or cam shaft 13 is supported by the arms 10 and carries cam cylinders 14, in which suitably curved slots 14* are formedv in whichrslots engage rollers 14 mounted on the grippers 16. By

' imparting suitable shapes to the grooves 14*,

{each pair of grippers 16, 16 which co-operate with one another will be moved relatively to one another, during the'rotation of the shaft 13. Bythe'rotation of this cam shaft the 15is also brought into operationand at the 65.'

righttime opens the jaws of the grippers 16,

' off. I v p p For enabling the drawing out clamps and which are under the action of spring pressure or otherwise closed.

The colour selecting members 17 for selecting the pile threads are mounted equi-distantly on the shaft 18; the various coloured pile threads are drawn through eyes 19in the colour selecting members 17. The colour selecting members are provided with abutments 20 which are adapted to strike against the acquard rods 21 which are guid ed in racks and which are lowered by the jacquard mechanism. The colour selecting members are under the action of springs 22 which may either be tension'springs or compression springs and each time after 'knotting, the acquard rods are moved out of the path of the selecting members 17 in order to en able the latter to move back under the action of the springs 22 ready to strike, against the jacquard rods corresponding to thenew colour during the following knotting opera-, tion. e i The pile thread drawingout clamps 25,25, are mounted at equal distances apart on the shafts 24, 26. By turning the shafts the drawing out clamps are opened and closed'. The shafts are also di'splacedlaterally by suitable mechanism and the pile threads by this means are pulled out to the required length each time. v f n the shaft 27 are mounted at equal dis-' tances apart the shears 28. By turningthis shaft the shears are raised until the drawin'g out clamps grip the pile threads and draw them out to .a suitable length, since otherwise these threads would be in the way of the shears. The movable limbs 29 of the shears are connected up by means of tie rods 30 and pins 31 to the shaft 32. By turning this shaft [the pile threads are cut screws 252 to be more easily'exchanged' they. are hooked into suitable bores in theshafts and are fixed on the opposite side means 'ofsaid screws. After loosening thesaid points, in sucha manner that the two warp i threads are not only raised at the point at" screws the clamps can be readily removed at} anytime. The shears can be fixed n the.

which knotting is to take place, but are" spread apart from one'anot-her laterally. The

shaft 9 is now turned in the anticlockwise direction and the pairs of bent grippers 16, after the points 16 of'the grippers havev been turned aside in order that a lifterniay" come between-each pair of grippers, pass between the two raised and spread out warp threads 1 to the right and left of'the thread lifter 6. The grippers move upto the pile thread of the required colour which has in the meantime been selected, being at the same time turned laterally further apart fromone another approximating to the length of the drawn. out pile thread length. Duringthis the beaks of the grippers are opened, so that by closing the beak-sthe pile threads are gripped as by two pairs of fingers. The shears which in the meantime have been lowered, sever the pile threads and the grippers move back again into their initial position and carry the pile thread to the point where the shed is beaten up after the lifters have in the meantime been lowered, whereby a Smyrna knot is produced. During the return of the grippers they also close sideways so that the points of two co-operating grippers form an acute angle. As soon as the gripper points come to the beating up point the beating up side of thetable 5 rises and follows the path of the gripper points until the knots are released. This movement of table is very important as otherwise the knots would not be capable of being pulled sufiiciently tight. After this series of operations, the drawing out clamps move back to the colour selecting members the shears are raised, the knotting carriage and the lifters are displaced by an amount equal to the width of two warp threads in order to repeat the knotting operation until the whole row has been knotted and theweaving in of the ground weft can take place.

The alternate operation of the knotting and weaving mechanisms is efiected in such a manner that during the knotting operation the weaving mechanism is inoperative and is locked against movement andconversely when the ground weft is being inserted, the knotting mechanism is inoperative.

' Referring to Figures 4 and 5 the central driving shaft 37 rotates continuously. On this shaft are mounted pairs of half gear wheels 38, 381 and v40, 41, the two half wheels of each pair being arranged symmetrically on the shaft but axially displaced with re spect to one another, so as to. form a complete gear wheel the two halves of which are offset to one another. The weaving and knotting mechanisms are driven by means of gearing (not shown) by the shafts 46,47, respectively, on which are fixed pairs of whole gear wheels 52, 53 with which the half gear wheels .38, 381, 40, 41 are brought into engag-ementin the manner hereinafter described. The wheels 38, 381, 40, 41 are capable of being slid on the shaft 37 by means of rocking levers 5,8, 59, 60, 61 the ends of which engage in grooved collars 54, 55, 56 and 57 fixed to the half wheels. Each half wheel has fixed to it one of a number of semi-circular discs 42, 43,

44, 45, said half wheels and discs being ar-.

ranged side by side and the latter being adapted to engage locking discs 48, 49 and50,

51 fixed t0 the Shafts 46,, 47 respectively, each locking disc having a cut away portion shaped to correspond to the periphery of 'thesemicircular disc with which it coacts, as shown in Figure 5. In the position shown in Figure 4 the discs 43 and 49 are in engagement with one another so that the shaft 46 is locked against rotation and when the disc43 runs out of engagement with the disc 49 the discs 42 and 48'come into engagement with one another. In this position the half wheels 38, 381 are out of engagement with the wheels 52, while the half wheels 40, 41 alternately engage the wheels 53 and rotate the shaft 47.

The levers 58, 59, 60, 61 are rocked by the cams 62, 63, 64, 65 so that first one half wheel is moved into alinement with one of the pair of whole wheels to be driven by the pair, but with the teeth of the half wheel turned away from the teeth of the whole wheel. As the shaft 37 rotates, the half wheel comes into engagement with the whole wheel and rotates it when it is completely pushed in. During this rotation the other half wheel of the same pair has moved with its teeth turned away from the teeth of the whole wheel and is moved into alinement therewith without engagement. During the further rotation of the shaft 37 the second half wheel comes into engagement with its mating whole wheel while the first half wheel runs'out of engage- 11181113. As the two half wheels'of each pair form together a complete wheel, incorrect engagement cannot occur since the teeth of the two half wheels complement one another. By this means, complete engagement of, the wheels can take place without any particular pressure or shock. I

The disengagement of the half wheels is effected in a similarlmanner, first one half wheel being moved out of alinement just at the moment when the half wheel runs out of engagement with the driven wheel and entirely without shock'andis then held fixed by means of the semi-circular.locking discs in a definite position. i i

The driving or the drivenwheelsfmay be made in three or in four parts, wherebyvarious special requirements can be complied with, the individual parts may also be of'unequal size, whereby various driving combinations are rendered possible. 7

Owing to the semi-circular discs of the half wheels being in engagement with a locking disc on the shafts 46, 47 when the latter are stationary,they are prevented from rotating until the moment when the first half wheel comes into engagement with the whole. wheel to be driven.

Claims: 1 1. In an automatic loom for'the manufacture of genuineknotted carpets, the combination with means for weaving a ground fabric of warp lifters capable of swinging from an inoperative position into a position for engaging and raisingthe warp threads of the ground fabric, colour selecting members for carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable of angular movement for placing a pile thread into position for insertion into the ground fabric,

7 drawing out clamps for pulling out the pile threads to the requiredlength for forming a knot, grippers for engaging the pile threads, said grippers being capable of rocking for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is tobe inserted, and sheers for severing the pile threads,'said shears being capable of swinging from an inoperative position out of the path of the pile threads into a'position for engaging the pile threads, as and for the purposes set forth.

' 2. In an automatic loom for the manufac ture of genuine'knotted carpets, the combination with means for weaving a ground fabric of'warplifters capable ofiswinging from an inoperative position into a position for engaging and raising the warp threads of the ground fabric, heads provided on said lifters, said heads having three points and two incisions for dividing the warp threads, colour selecting members for carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable of angular movement for placing a pile thread into position for insertion into the ground fabric, drawing out clamps for pulling out the pile threads to the required lengthfor forming a knot, grippers for engaging the pile threads, said grippers being capable of rocking for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is to be inserted, and shears for severing the pile threads, said shears being capable of swinging from an inoperative position out ofthe pathof the pile threads into a position for engaging the pile threads, as and for the purposes set forth. v

3. In an automatic loom for the manufacture of genuine knotted'carpets, the combination withmeans for weaving a ground fabric of warp lifters capable of swinging from an inoperative position into a position for engagin and raising the warp threads of the ground fabric, colour selecting members for carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable of angular movement for placing a pile thread'into po sition for insertion into the ground fabric, drawingout clamps for pulling out the pile threads -to the required length for'forming a knot, a gripper rail, a plurality of bearer arms for supporting said rail, grippers provided on said .rail for engaging the pile threads, said grippers being capable of rocking for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is to be inserted, and

shears for severing the pile threads, said shears being capable of swinging from an inoperative position out of the path of the pile threads into a position for engaging the pile threads, as and for the purposes set forth.

a. In an automatic loom for the manufacture of genuine knotted carpets, the combination with means for weaving a ground fabric of warp lifters capable of swinging from an inoperative position into a position for engaging and raising the warp threads of the ground fabric, colour selecting members for carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable of angular movement for placing a pile thread into position for insertion into the ground fabric, drawin out clamps for pulling out the pile threads to the required length for forming a knot, arcuate grippers for engaging the pile threads, said grippers being capable of rocking for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is to be inserted, and shears for severing the pile threads, said shears being capable of swinging from an inf operative position out of the path of the pile threads into a position for engaging the pile threads, as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In an automatic loom for the manufacture of genuine knotted carpets, the combination with means for weaving a ground fabric of warp lifters capable of swinging from an inoperative position into a position for engaging and raising the warp threads of the ground fabric, colour selecting members for carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable of angular movement for placing a pile thread into position for insertion into the ground fabric, drawing out clamps for pulling out the pile threads to the required length for forming a knot, rockable grippers for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is to be inserted, means for rocking said grippers, said means comprising acam shaft, cam cylinders provided on said cam shaft, means adapt-- ed to co-operate with said cam cylinders for rocking said grippers, means actuable by said cam cylinders for opening and closing the grippers and shears'for severing the pllej threads, said shears being capable of swinging from an inoperative position out of the path i of the pile threads into a position for engag ing the pile threads, as and for the purposesset forth; I r a 6. In an-automatic loom for the manufacture of genuine knotted carpets, the combina tion with means for weaving a ground fabric of warp lifters capable of swinging'from an inoperative position into a'position for engaging and raising the warp threads of the ground fabric, colour selecting membersfor carrying the pile threads, said colour selecting members being capable'of angular movement,

7 said colour selecting members comprising i double-armed levers, means for rockmg said levers, guiding racks, jacquard rods capable of moving in said guiding racks so as to be in terposed in the, path of the colour selecting placing a pile threadinto position for inser-- tion into the ground fabric and soas to be moved out of the path of the colour selecting members after each knotting operation, drawing out clamps for pulling out the pile threads to the required length for forming a knot, grippers for engaging the pile threads, said grippers being capable of rocking for transferring the pile threads to the point where the knot is to be inserted, and shears for severing the pile threads, said shears being capable of swinging from an inoperative position out of the path of the pile threads into a position for engaging the pile threads, as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the combination of drawing out members comprising clamps capable of opening and closing for engaging the pile threads and shafts for carrying said drawing out members, said shafts being capable of rocking for opening and closing said clamps and of axial displacement for pulling the pile threads out to the required length, as set forth.

8. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim'l, the combination of drawing out mem bers comprising clamps capable of opening and closing for engaging the pile threads, shafts for carrying said drawing outmembers, said shafts being capable of rocking for opening and closing said clamps and of axial displacement for pulling the pile threads out tothe required length, bores provided in said shafts, hooks provided on the clamps for engaging in said bores and screws for fixing the clamps to the shafts, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the combination of dents spaced so as to be capable of accommodating groups of warp threads between adjacent dents and dividing dents adapted to pass between the groups of threads during the knotting operation for guiding the warp threads which are raised by the lifters, as set forth.

10. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim'l, a batten without a shuttle race, said batten having a curved out portion for accommodating the lifters in the inoperative position of the latter.

11. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, a pivoted table for supporting the fabric as it passes from the knotting mechanism, said table being capable of rocking so as to enable the side thereof which faces the knotting mechanism to be lowered, as and for the purpose set forth.

12. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the combinationwith a main driving shaft, of auxiliary shafts for driving the weaving mechanism and knotting mechanism, respectively, pairs of half gear wheels provided on said main shaft, the pairs of said half wheels being axially ofiset with respect to one another and so as to form coin plete gear wheels having two parts in dif' ferent planes, gear wheels onsaid auxiliary shafts adapted to engage said divided gear, wheels and means for alternately engaginga pair'of' half gear wheels with a gear wheel on one auxiliary shaft and holding the other auxiliary shaft stationary, as set forth.

'13. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the comblnation with a mam driving shaft, of auxiliary shafts for driving the weaving mechanism and knotting mech'as nism, respectively, gear wheels fixed'on said auxiliary 'shafts,pairs of half wheels splined on said main driving shaft so as to be c'a pab'le of sliding thereon, a camshaft, cams provided on said cam shaft, means actuable by said cams for sliding one pair of half wheels into alinement with a gear wheel on one of said auxiliary shafts and so as to form a completegear wheel having its two halves axially offset with respect to one another and for sliding the other pair of half wheels out of alinement with a gear wheel on the other auxiliary shaft and means provided on said main and auxiliary shafts for holding the latter auxiliary shaft stationary, as set forth.

14. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the combination with a main driving shaft, of auxiliary shafts for driving the weaving mechanism and knotting mechanism, respectively, gear wheels fixed on said auxiliary shafts, pairs of half wheels splined on said main driving shaft so as to be capable of sliding thereon, a cam shaft, cams procomprising two axially ofiset halves and into alinement with the gear wheels on the auxiliary shafts and away from one another and out of alinement with said gear wheels, and means provided on said main and auxiliary shafts for holding the auxiliary shafts sta tionary when the gear wheels thereon are out of alinement with the half wheels on the main driving shaft.

15. In an automatic loom as set forth in claim 1, the combination with a main driving shaft, of auxiiiary shafts fordriving the weaving mechanism and knotting mechanism, respectively, gear wheels fixed on said auxiliary shafts,pairs of half wheels splined on said main driving shaft so as to becapable of sliding thereon, a camshaft, cams provided on said cam shaft, pairs of rocking levers actuable by said cams for sliding said pairs of half wheels alternately towards one another so as to form complete gear wheels comprising two axially ofiset halves and into alinement with the gear wheels on the auxiliary shafts and away from one another and out'of alinement with said gear wheels, and

means provided on said main auxiliary shafts for holding the auxiliary shafts stationary when the gear Wheels thereon are out of alinement With the half Wheels on the main driving shaft, said means comprising semi-circular discs fixedon the half gear Wheels and pairs of locking discs fixed on the auxiliary shafts, one on eitherside of the gear Wheels thereon, said locking discs having cut away portions shaped to correspond to the peripheries of said semi-circular discs and being positioned on the auxiliary shafts so as to be engaged by said semi-circular discs on the main driving shaft when the half Wheels are slid out of alinement With the gear Wheels 011 the auxiliary shafts, as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

MAURUS BANYAI. 

